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Robert Schoch

An icebreaker

A Boston University geologist argues that weathering patterns on the Great Sphinx and its enclosure point to rainfall, not wind, pushing its true age back thousands of years before Egypt's traditional dynastic timeline. Egyptologists and most geologists reject the redating.

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Worth knowing · 1 of 5
What pattern did he identify at the site?
He observed vertical, rounded weathering grooves on the Sphinx and its enclosure walls that look like they were carved by rainfall over a long period, not by the wind and sand typical of Egypt's dry climate.
Worth knowing · 2 of 5
What age does that reading imply for the Sphinx?
If the weathering came from heavy rainfall, he argues, the monument would need to predate Egypt's known wet period, pushing its origin back to before roughly 5000 BCE — thousands of years earlier than the standard date.
Worth knowing · 3 of 5
What's the main geological objection to his reading?
Another geologist argued the weathering could come from wet sand that filled the enclosure for long periods, not from centuries of rainfall. On that reading the conventional date needs no revision.
Worth knowing · 4 of 5
Why do Egyptologists reject his conclusion?
The leading archaeologist of the site argues the evidence links the Sphinx firmly to a known Fourth Dynasty king, including its face, the temple built from stone quarried around it, and dated inscriptions nearby — a timeline his theory can't fit.
Worth knowing · 5 of 5
What are his actual scientific credentials?
He earned a geology PhD from Yale and has taught natural science at Boston University since the 1980s; his degree and teaching post are real, even though most geologists reject this particular conclusion.
Words to know
Sphinx water erosion hypothesisThe claim that rainfall, not wind, shaped weathering on the Sphinx, implying a far older date.
Predynastic EgyptThe period before Egypt's traditional dynastic history begins, roughly before 3100 BCE.
Weathering profileThe pattern erosion leaves on stone, which geologists read to infer what caused it and how long ago.
More words
RedatingProposing a different age for an artifact or monument than the one generally accepted by specialists.
A voice · 1 of 4
Robert Schoch · Geologist who proposed the redating

After examining the site in 1990, he argued the Sphinx enclosure shows rain-formed weathering patterns inconsistent with Egypt's dry climate over the last several thousand years, presenting his findings to the Geological Society of America in 1991.

A voice · 2 of 4
John Anthony West · Writer who brought him to the site

An independent Egyptology writer invited him to examine the Sphinx's weathering in 1990, having already argued on his own that the monument looked far older than its standard date; the two then presented their case together.

A voice · 3 of 4
Mark Lehner · Egyptologist who leads Sphinx research

As the leading excavator of the Sphinx site, he has argued there is no chronological or architectural room for a much older monument, and that the soft, layered limestone weathers unevenly for reasons that don't require rainfall or an earlier age.

A voice · 4 of 4
James Harrell · Geologist who disputed the rainfall reading

A geology professor who reviewed the same site, he argued the weathering was better explained by wet sand filling the enclosure than by long exposure to rainfall, a reading that leaves the conventional date intact.

A line to leave them with
The stone weathered somehow. How and when it happened is still contested.
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