An icebreaker
A bioengineering professor argues that water next to certain surfaces organizes into a distinct, ordered fourth phase he calls EZ water, with wide-ranging effects in biology. The core finding is real; his sweeping explanations for it remain contested by other scientists.
He argued water next to hydrophilic surfaces reorganizes into an ordered, charge-separated fourth phase, publishing the claim in a 2013 book and later research. He proposed this water layer helps power basic processes throughout living cells.
With colleagues, he published a detailed 2020 review confirming the exclusion effect is real but arguing conventional particle physics explains it better than a new phase of water. He called several of the broader biological claims physically implausible.
Running a long-standing reference site on water science, he argued that Pollack's proposed structure for EZ water doesn't hold up physically, while accepting that the exclusion effect itself is real.