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Advaita Vedanta

An icebreaker

This philosophy holds that one undivided awareness underlies everything, and that the sense of being a separate self is a kind of mistake in seeing rather than a fact of the world. A teacher in the 8th century systematized it; teachers still transmit it today.

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Worth knowing · 1 of 5
What does the core teaching actually claim?
As the tradition holds, the individual self and ultimate reality, called Brahman, are not two separate things but one undivided consciousness. Ordinary experience of a separate, multiple world is treated as appearance rather than final truth.
Worth knowing · 2 of 5
Who systematized this teaching, and when?
A philosopher wrote commentaries on core Vedic texts that organised scattered non-dual ideas into a single, teachable structure. Scholars mostly place him around 700–750 CE; some traditional accounts put him far earlier.
Worth knowing · 3 of 5
What is maya, in plain terms?
Maya names the way ultimate reality appears as a separate, changing world of distinct things and selves, without that appearance being the final truth. It's usually compared to mistaking a rope in dim light for a snake.
Worth knowing · 4 of 5
What does neti neti mean as a method?
Literally 'not this, not this,' it's a teaching method that rules out the body, thoughts, and feelings one by one as candidates for the true self. What's left, after every denial, is held to be what was doing the looking.
Worth knowing · 5 of 5
How did a 20th-century figure carry this forward?
A South Indian sage taught one central practice, asking 'who am I?' as a direct inquiry rather than philosophy, tracing every thought back to the one thinking it. He drew visitors from across the world without ever leaving his mountain.
Words to know
AdvaitaNon-dualism; the teaching that the individual self and ultimate reality are not fundamentally separate.
BrahmanIn this teaching, the term for undivided ultimate reality underlying all apparent multiplicity.
MayaThe appearance of a separate, changing world, held as apparent rather than the final truth of things.
More words
Self-inquiryA practice of tracing the sense of 'I' back to its source, rather than following its usual objects of thought.
A voice · 1 of 3
Adi Shankara · Philosopher who systematized the teaching

In commentaries on the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Brahma Sutras, he argued that the individual self and ultimate reality are one undivided consciousness, and that ordinary separateness is appearance rather than final truth.

A voice · 2 of 3
Gaudapada · Earlier philosopher he built on

Writing before Shankara, he argued from the experience of dreaming that what feels completely real while asleep dissolves entirely on waking, using that comparison to defend non-dual reality as the only truth.

A voice · 3 of 3
Ramana Maharshi · 20th-century teacher of self-inquiry

Living at the South Indian mountain Arunachala for over fifty years, he taught one instruction above all others: "Who am I?" — tracing every thought back to the awareness noticing it, until only that awareness remained.

A line to leave them with
The tradition is sure of what it teaches. Testing it stays each person's own work.
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